新西兰文学作业代写:动物与人类的关系

2020-01-12 19:06

在文学中讨论动物与人类的关系，研究动物在社会中被边缘化的历史。Greg Garrard在他的《生态批评》一书中，从伦理和道德的角度分析了动物的表现。他说:“人与动物之间的界限是任意的。”[2]表示人与动物之间的界限是随机的、没有道理的。他的动物权利观突出了人类将自己置于最高位置的划分和等级制度。这一点在本文所讨论的《欢乐颂》和《传记》中都很明显，因为作者试图将动物视为局外人的文化视角转向人类。以动物为中心的颂歌和传记与生态批评理论有关，因为他们对自然环境的讨论提出了对改变观点的抗议。非人类关注的意义在于作者试图改变《诗经》和《传记》的阅读方式，这表明不应该有固定的方式。在她的传记《映像》中，斯梅茨以类似人类的方式讨论了狒狒的世界。当她要求读者对另一个概念开放思想时，传记的开头呈现了对两个不同世界的感知。这句特别的台词“一颗具身的心，准备好直接面对另一颗具身的心”暗示了两个独立的个体，人类和动物。通过“另一个”这个词暗示着与野生动物的分离，然而斯穆茨试图邀请人类向狒狒表达自己。动词“具体化”说明了作者对读者提出的挑战，即尽管另一个存在是不同的物种，但要向它表达自己。她在[4]网站上发表的“我将努力缩小这一差距”的声明表明了这本传记的目的，即它不仅仅是对另一个主题的描述，而是一场将动物和人类带到一个类似水平的运动。这指的是传记的变化，由于动物的关注，作者改变了传统的观念，洞察人类生活，而不是探索动物的生活。Smuts所指的“gap”与Garrard的“boundary”概念相似。
新西兰文学作业代写:动物与人类的关系
Discussion of animal and human relationship in literature, studies the history of marginalising animals within society. In his book Ecocriticism, Greg Garrard analyses the representation of animals from an ethical and moral point of view. He claims, ‘[t]he boundary between human and animal is arbitrary,’[2] which suggests a random or unreasoned divide between humans and animals. His concept of animal rights highlights the division and hierarchy created, where humans place themselves at the top. This is evident in both the ode and biography discussed in this essay, as authors seek to shift the cultural perspective of animals viewed as outsides to humanity. Odes and biographies which focus on animals relate to the theory of ecocriticism as their discussion of the natural environment presents a protest for change in perspective. The significance of a non-human focus is the author’s attempt to change how the ode and biography is read, suggesting that there should not be a set way. In her biography ‘Reflections’, Smuts discusses the world of baboons referring to the animal in a human-like manner. The beginning of the biography presents the perception of two separate worlds when she challenges readers to open their mind to another concept. The particular line, ‘an embodied heart, prepared to encounter directly the embodied heart of another’[3] implies two separate individuals, human and animal. Through the word ‘another’ suggests a separation to wild animals, however Smuts attempts to invite humans to express themselves to the baboon. The verb ‘embodied’ illustrates the author’s challenge to readers to express themselves to another being despite it being a different species. Her claim, ‘I will attempt to close this gap’[4] presents the purpose of the biography suggesting it is not exclusively a description of another subject but rather a movement to bring animals and humans on a similar level. This refers to the change on the biography as a result of animal focus where the author has adapted the traditional idea of insight to human life and instead exploring animal life. The ‘gap’ Smuts refers to is similar to Garrard’s concept of boundary.

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