新西兰惠灵顿assignment代写:市场改革

2018-09-02 07:45

推行市场改革的动机是提高标准和成就，而不是与不平等有关的问题。然而，关于这些改革对儿童成就影响的证据很少，来自美国的经验证据(Chubb和Moe, 1990)支持这样的观点，即分散的教育系统可以产生更好的结果(Hoxby, 2000)。Bradley等人(2001)在英国的研究发现，考试成绩最好的学校增长最快，而学校间的竞争加剧导致了考试成绩的提高。Gibbons, Machin和Silva(2005)报告了很少的证据表明选择和成就之间有联系，但是发现了竞争和学校表现之间有很小的积极联系。然而，他们把这归因于学校的位置或学生的分类。根据Machin和Vignoles(2006)的研究，评估国家引入的教育政策和持续职业体系的影响并不容易。也许评估新资格的最佳方法是考虑其劳动力市场价值，因为这反映了雇主对这类资格的需求和所体现的技能。有证据表明，NVQs和GNVQs在劳动力市场上的经济价值微乎其微(Dearden et al.， 2002)。特别是，在许多工作部门，NVQ2资格实际上可能对个人工资产生消极影响。
新西兰惠灵顿assignment代写:市场改革
The motivation behind the introduction of the market reforms was to raise standards and achievement, rather than issues related to inequality. The evidence on the impact of these reforms on children's achievement is minimal, however, empirical evidence from the USA (Chubb and Moe, 1990) is supportive of the view that decentralised schooling systems can produce better results, measured in terms of educational outcomes (Hoxby, 2000). Evidence for the UK by Bradley et al (2001) found that schools with the best examination performance grew most quickly and that, increased competition between schools led to improved exam performance. Gibbons, Machin and Silva (2005) report little evidence of a link between choice and achievement, but find a small positive association between competition and school performance. However, they attribute this to school location or pupil sorting.Evaluating the impact of nationally introduced education policies and the impact of continual vocational systems is not easy according to Machin and Vignoles (2006). Perhaps the best way to evaluate new qualifications is to consider their labour market value, since this reflects the demand by employers for this type of qualification and the skills embodied in it. The evidence is that NVQs and indeed GNVQs, have minimal economic value in the labour market (Dearden et al., 2002). In particular, NVQ2 qualifications may actually have a negative impact on individuals' wages, in many sectors of work.

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