新西兰作业代写 个性化政治

2020-02-24 19:41

根据麦卡利斯特(2016),越来越关注个人在政治上可以追溯到1980年代撒切尔和里根政府(p。2)。如今,这一趋势的体现所谓的“个性化政治”(出处同上,p . 1)。与此同时,“名人和政治的合并”也已成为当代政治文化的一个特征(Inthorn和街道,2011,虽然人们普遍认为，名人的个性化和发展是重要的，但不太清楚的是，他们是否导致了更富裕或更贫穷的政治文化。在这篇文章中，我评估了这两种观点。首先，我考虑的是，政治舞台上是如何开始更多地关注个人的。其次，我简要考察了个性化对政治文化的影响——即选民如何看待候选人。第三，我考察了名人对政治文化的影响——即名人对民主质量和政治参与的影响。最后，我认为，名人的出现，尽管有一些合理的担忧，可以吸引那些可能感到政治冷漠的人，同时也让公民更容易地追究政治人物的责任。只是在过去的60年左右，大众媒体才被视觉图像所主宰。电视的出现彻底改变了公民和政治人物之间的关系，利用视觉图像——而不是报纸和广播的文本或音频——来传播信息。这很自然地将注意力引向了个人的个性，因为正如McAllister(2009)所指出的，通过“熟悉的个性”的视觉图像而不是通过抽象的文件或制度来传达政治信息更直接(579页)。随着视觉大众媒体的出现，个人形象代表了“捕捉和保持观众注意力的便捷视觉捷径”(同上)。因此，电视画面可以使个人政治人物更容易与公民建立关系。
新西兰作业代写 个性化政治
According to McAllister (2016), the increasing focus on individuals in politics can be traced back to the 1980s and the governments of Thatcher and Reagan (p. 2). Today, this trend has manifested itself in the so-called ‘personalization of politics’ (ibid., p. 1). Meanwhile, ‘the merging of celebrity and politics’ has also become a feature of contemporary political culture (Inthorn and Street, 2011, p. 1). Whilst it is widely accepted that personalisation and the development of celebrity have been significant, it is less clear whether they have led to a richer or poorer political culture. In this essay, I asses both perspectives. First, I consider how there came to be a greater focus on individuals in the political arena. Second, I briefly examine the impact of personalisation on political culture – namely in respect to how voters perceive candidates. Third, I examine the impact of celebrity on political culture – namely its impact on the quality of democracy and political engagement. Ultimately, I argue that the emergence of celebrity, despite some valid concerns, can engage those who might otherwise feel politically apathetic, whilst also allowing citizens to more easily hold political figures accountable. Only for the last 60 years or so has mass media been dominated by visual images. The emergence of television revolutionised the relationship between citizens and political figures by using visual images – rather than the text or audio of newspapers and radio – to disseminate information. This naturally directed attention towards the personalities of individuals, since, as McAllister (2009) notes, it is more straightforward to communicate political information through visual images of a ‘familiar personality rather than through an abstract document or an institution’ (p. 579). Following the emergence of visual mass media, then, individual figures represent a ‘convenient visual shortcut to capture and retain the viewer’s attention’ (ibid.). As such, televisual images can make it much easier for individual political figures to form relationships with citizens.

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