堪培拉论文代写 东京气候经济

2016-12-13 08:19

堪培拉论文代写 东京天气

京都协议，在联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）的附加条款，签署了作为三届参与国在十二月的联合国气候变化框架公约的结果，1997。京都议定书的目标是稳定在适当水平的大气中的温室气体浓度，并防止对人类造成的巨大的气候变化造成的伤害。

京都协议是在联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）第一个法律文件生效。它是唯一一个重要的文件，它提供了发达国家的义务，以减少温室气体的排放量。因此，京都议定书在保护环境中起着非常重要的作用。

然而，达成这样的协议面临着巨大的挑战。第一个难点是对京都协议的巨大争议。在这些争议中，对全球变暖事实的怀疑往往是最大的一个，因为这个争论的问题需要协议。在一些国家的人会问以下问题，这个星球真的会变暖吗？人类应该承担全球变暖的责任吗？这种变暖值得担心吗？此外，一些国家不愿意签署协议，因为他们不想通过减少排放风险的经济发展。

第二个问题是一些发达国家的态度。一些发达国家不愿意在这个过程中发挥主导作用，他们往往避免他们的责任，以减少排放量。例如，美国作为最大的工业化国家，应该承担减少排放的最大义务，但它选择不签署的文件，这影响了其他发达国家履行自己的义务。这个问题可以说，总是存在，并继续现在。不幸的是，加拿大决定从十二月的京都协议中退出，2011。这使得它更难以达成这样的协议。

达成这样一个协议的第三个障碍是完成减排目标的困难。这可以被称为以下三个方面。第一个是延长实现目标的减排目标从2000至2008的最后期限。第二个是下降的排放量从20%下降到5%，这是一个巨大的让步。最后，发达国家被认为是通过国内措施减少排放，市场机制，使许多工业化国家有可能购买碳排放指标，以实现减排目标。而这种行动并不能解决全球变暖的问题。

总之，与过去几年比较一致的认识相比，发达国家之间发生了不同的观点，他们的政治意愿不够强烈。如果没有这个协议，国际气候的谈判将陷入巨大的混乱。发达国家应该意识到这个问题的严重性。要达成这样的公约是很难的，这是应对全球气候变化问题的重要基础。一旦达成共识，重新建立一个共识将更加困难。

堪培拉Assignment代写 东京天气

The Kyoto Protocol, an additional provision to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was signed as the result of the three sessions of the participating States of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change in December, 1997. The objective of the Kyoto Protocol is to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at an appropriate level and to prevent harm to humans caused by dramatic climate changes.

The Kyoto Protocol is the first legal document since the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) came into force. And it is the only significant file that provides the obligation for developed countries to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas. So the Kyoto Protocol plays a really important role in protecting the environment.

However, reaching such an agreement faces great challenges. The first difficulty is the great controversy to the Kyoto Protocol. Among those controversies, doubts on the fact of global warming tend to be the biggest one, because this argument questions the need for the agreement. People in some countries will ask questions as following; does the planet really get warming? Should human take responsibilities for global warming? Is this warming worth worrying about? In addition, a number of countries would not like to sign the agreement because they do not want to risk the economic development by reducing emissions.

The second problem is the attitude of some developed countries. Some of the developed countries would not like to play a leading role in the process; they tend to avoid their responsibilities to reduce emissions. For example, the United States, as the largest industrialized country, ought to have borne the greatest obligation to reduce emission, but it chose not to sign the document, which affected other developed countries to fulfil their obligations. And this problem can be said that always be there, and continues to nowadays. Unfortunately, Canada decided to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol in December, 2011. And this makes it more difficult to reach such an agreement.

The third impediment to reaching such an agreement is the difficulty in accomplishing the reduction objectives. This can be known in the following three aspects. The first one is to extend the deadline of achieving the target of reduction emission from 2000 to 2008. The second one is to decline the emission reduction from 20% to 5%, which is a huge concession. At last, developed countries are thought to reduce emissions through domestic measures, however; market mechanism makes it possible for many industrialized countries to purchase the carbon emission indicators to achieve the emission reduction target. And this kind of action does not solve the problem of global warming.

In summary, comparing with the more consistent understanding in the past years, different views have occurred among developed countries, and their political wills are not strong enough. Without the Protocol, negotiations on international climate would be caught in great confusion. Developed countries should be aware of the seriousness of this problem. It is really hard to reach such a convention, which is the important basis of dealing with the issue of global climate change. Once a consensus is breaking down, it will be more difficult to re-establish a consensus.

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