新西兰留学生代写作业:哈维理论

2018-12-20 17:01

回到这一系列的批评，可以说，哈维早期的量化兴趣(目前在哈维，1969年)只是为了显示哈维作为一个伪君子考虑到他的观点的根本逆转。事实上，哈维自己也说过，“根据我们的理论，你们将认识我们”(哈维，1969年第486页)。当然，如果是这样的话，他的作品可能会受到怀疑。相反，这恰恰表明了他对实证地理学的普遍无知所不满的程度。他在定量研究方面的经验实际上为他的论点提供了额外的证据。实证主义的最后一个主要攻击目标是支撑哲学的客观性。Goodwin(2005)讨论了人文地理学的出现，这是实证主义及其科学和无义方法批判的又一产物。人文地理学旨在揭示理想、文化和语言在地方地理中的重要性。人文主义者认为，人不能用全面的科学方法来建模，独立思考确实可以防止这种情况的发生，更不用说“理想”不能被定量地描绘出来了。然而，Ley(1974)认为这些现象可以定性地映射，实际上是访问您希望研究的领域。通过对帮派文化地域的研究，雷提出“涂鸦符号代表了街头帮派文化成员的空间语言”(1974年p。218，引用于古德温，2005年第55页)。然而，从批判的角度来看，人文主义地理学只能取得这么多成就。坦率地说，没有足够的地理学家，也没有足够的时间去完全理解人类对地点、空间和自然的情感依恋和观念。回到前面一点，地理本质上是动态的。实证主义，如果没有别的，可以产生一个相对快速的科学(都是肤浅的)表现世界。即使这些“定律”确实将时间与空间隔离开来，研究也可以重复进行，从而构建新的定律。它绝不是完美的，但却是务实的。
新西兰留学生代写作业:哈维理论
To return to this set of critiques though, it could be said that Harvey’s earlier quantitative interests (present in Harvey, 1969) only serve to show Harvey up as a hypocrite considering the radical reversal in his views. Indeed Harvey himself stated that “by our theories you shall know us” (Harvey, 1969 p.486). Of course if this were the case then it may serve to discredit his works. On the contrary, it actually shows the true degree to which he was discontented by the general ignorance of positivistic geography. His experience within quantitative studies actually gives extra validity to his arguments.last of the main attacks on positivism targets the objectivity that is underpins the philosophy. Goodwin (2005) discusses the advent of humanistic geography, yet another offspring from the critics of positivism and its scientific and nomathetic approach. Humanistic geography aims to uncover the importance of ideal, cultures and languages within local geographies. Humanists argue that people cannot be modelled using sweeping scientific methodology, indeed independent thought prevents that, not to mention the fact that ‘ideals’ cannot be mapped quantitatively. Ley (1974) argues that such phenomena can be mapped qualitatively though, actually visiting the areas that you wish to research. Upon researching geographies of gang culture Lay suggested that “graffiti markings represent the language of space for members of the street gang culture” (1974 p.218, cited in Goodwin, 2005 p.55). From a critical standpoint though, humanist geography can only ever achieve so much. There frankly aren’t enough geographers, nor is there sufficient time to absolutely understand aoll of the emotional attachments and ideas that humans have relating to place, space and nature. To go back to an earlier point, geography is inherently dynamic. Positivism, if nothing else, can produce a relatively quick scientific (all be it shallow) representation of the world. Even if these ‘laws’ do isolate time from space, the studies can be repeated so that new laws can be constructed. It is by no means perfect, but it is pragmatic.

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