加拿大代写作业:知识结构

2018-02-25 13:11

这些知识结构(方案)可以通过“同化”和“适应”两个过程来准备、改变、增加或发展。当孩子在现有的计划中察觉到新的事物或事件时，就会发生同化;换句话说，在孩子已经知道的信息中。当现有的计划被修改以采纳(或适合)一种新的经验或信息时，就会发生住宿。如果新信息不符合或与现有的方案相冲突，那么就会出现不平衡。然而，平衡是一个主要的发展过程，它包括同化和适应，并为孩子的交易从一个发展阶段到下一个阶段做准备。皮亚杰的发展阶段包括:感觉运动、预操作、具体操作和正式操作。感觉运动阶段是在出生到两岁之间的阶段。在这个阶段，孩子通过感官和动作体验世界。儿童发展“物体恒存性”,是指“能理解一个对象存在即使不在视野对这段时期结束时,孩子们开始精神代表对象和事件,但那个时候他们只能行动和心理表征的事务期间,他们可能会使用简单的运动指标作为其他活动的象征。他们也开始明白，他们的行为可能导致另一种行为发展为“目标导向行为”;举个例子，从婴儿床上扔一个玩具，让父母挑选玩具，按下娃娃的按钮来发出声音等等。
加拿大代写作业:知识结构
These knowledge structures (schemes) can be prepared, changed, add to or developed through two processes of "assimilation" and "accommodation". Assimilation occurs when a child perceives new objects or events in term of existing scheme ; in other words, within information the child already knows. Accommodation occurs when existing schemes are modified to adopt (or fit in) a new experience or information. If the new information doesn't fit or it conflicts with the existing scheme then the disequilibrium occurs. Equilibrium, however, is the master developmental process which encompasses both assimilation and accommodation and prepares for the child' transaction from one state of the development to the next. Piaget' stages of development are: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations.Sensorimotor stage is over the period between the birth to two years. During this stage, the child experiences the world around him through the senses and movement. The child develops "object permanence" which refers to "the ability to understand an object exist even if it is not in field of vision Toward the end of this period, children begin to mentally represent object and events but to that point they only can act and during the transaction to the mental representation, they may use simple motor indicators as symbols for other events. They also begin to understand that their actions could cause another actions developing a "goal-director behavior"; for an example, throwing a toy from the cot to make parents pick the toy and pressing the doll button to make the sound and so on.

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