新西兰奥克兰assignment代写:不道德行为之间的区别

2018-10-20 18:45

如果我们认为某些行为是道德的仅仅是因为上帝批准了它们，那么道德行为和不道德行为之间的区别似乎是任意的;没有一个主要的理由能说明为什么上帝会偏爱一种行为而不喜欢另一种。这种区别只是上帝一时的心血来潮，就像我更喜欢铅笔而不是钢笔一样。既然没有理由说明为什么上帝偏爱正直和慷慨，他可能同样偏爱不诚实和自私，我们必须接受他的命令作为道德。这个概念被称为道德的神圣命令理论，道德行为是强制性的仅仅因为上帝命令人们去做。根据这一理论，没有上帝的意志，没有上帝的命令，就没有道德标准存在。上帝是万能的，因此，道德本身就来源于上帝的本性。没有上帝，我们的道德结构就没有基础，在此基础下，什么是道德，因为上帝是这样规定的。这个理论强调上帝意志的绝对主权，道德的存在不是基于理性或任何逻辑基础，而仅仅是由于上帝的命令的任意性质。这一理论认为，在神的命令背后没有道德或不道德的理由，因此，他的命令和道德都服从于他的怪念头。根据这个理论，上帝可以命令，例如，一个人杀死一个无辜的孩子，一个人必须这样做。不道德行为之间的令人憎恶的行为，或我们认为如此的行为，自然是虔诚的，仅仅因为上帝已经颁布了它，尽管许多人，包括那些可能倾向于支持这一理论的人，会同意他们是可憎的。该理论还排除了假设上帝只是道德的代理人，而不是它的始祖的选项，让信徒陷入困惑的窘境。
新西兰奥克兰assignment代写:不道德行为之间的区别
if we maintain that certain actions are moral only because God approves them, then it seems that the distinction between moral and immoral actions is simply arbitrary; for no predominant reason can be given for why God should favor one kind of action over another. The distinction is simply a matter of God’s whims, just as it is up to me to prefer pencils to pens. As there is no reason provided for why God should favor integrity and generosity, he might equally have favored dishonesty and selfishness, and we must accept his commands as moral. This concept is known as the Divine Command Theory of ethics, where moral actions are mandatory simply because God commands people to do them. According to this theory, there are no moral standards that exist without God’s will, and without his commands, nothing would be right or wrong. God is omnipotent, and therefore, morality itself is derived from God’s nature. Without God, there is no basis for our moral structure and under this, what is moral is so because God has decreed it as such.This theory would stress the complete sovereignty of God’s will, and the concept that morality exists based not on reason, or any logical basis, but simply due to the arbitrary nature of God’s commands. This theory proposes that there is no rationale, moral or immoral, behind divine commands, and hence renders both his commands and morality subject to his whims. On this theory, God could have commanded, for example, for one to kill an innocent child, and it would have been mandatory for a person to do it. Abhorrent acts, or ones we would consider as such, are automatically pious, simply because God has decreed it, though many, including those who might be inclined to side with the this theory, would agree that they are abhorrent. The theory also rules out the option of assuming that God is just an agent of morality, not its progenitor, leaving the devotee with a puzzling quandary.

• 上一篇：新西兰奥克兰assignment代写:现象学和实验方法
• 下一篇：奥克兰代写哲学论文:哲学学派